Multimedia+and+Contiguity+Principles

The multimedia principle utilizes words and graphics to teach learners. "Multimedia presentations can encourage learners to engage in active learning by mentally representing the material in words and in pictures and by mentally making connections between the pictorial and verbal representations" (Clark & Mayer, 2011, p. 71). || ==== Niurka utilizes the multimedia principal in her storyboard description of how to prepare flan. She includes the following description and graphic in her storyboard: "Place the pan on the burner on medium. Like the picture shown [below], the sugar mix needs enough time on the stove to obtain that rich texture and soft brown color." ====
 * ====__ Principle __==== || ====__ Example __==== ||
 * __ Multimedia Principle __

|| The Contiguity Principle relates to the proximity between on-screen graphics and texts as well as the syncronization between narrations and animations in e-courses to ease the cognitive process in the e-learning modality.Clark and Mayer (2011), explain this principle and divide it in two different ones: || See two examples below. || The principle of contiguity involves the need to coordinate printed words and graphics. We focus on the idea that on-screen words should be placed near the parts of the on-screen graphics to which they refer. We recommend that corresponding graphics and printed words be placed near each other on the screen (that is, contiguous in space). || On one of our wiki pages, in addition to written directions about how to add audio to a PowerPoint presentation, the following screen shot was placed immediately below the directions to show what the user would see on the computer screen.
 * __ Contiguity Principle __
 * **__ Contiguity Principle 1: Place printed Words Near Corresponding Graphics __**

|| Another version of the contiguity principle deals with the need to coordinate spoken words and graphics. We focus on the idea that spoken words (narration) that describe an event should play at the same time at the graphic (animation or video) depicting the event. In short, we recommend that corresponding graphics and spoken words be presented at the same time (that is, contiguous-next to each other-in time). (pp. 93, 102) || ==== The following website created by ====
 * **__ Contiguity Principle 2: Synchronize Spoken Words with Corresponding Graphics __**

NexStitch™ (2005) contains many different tutorials on crocheting.
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For each of these tutorials, a narrator describes a process while a camera is zoomed in on the procedure with the yarn and crochet hook. This website provides a good example of the second contiguity principle, synchronizing spoken words with corresponding graphics. ||